When the fields are spatially nonuniform, or when they vary with time, the integration of the equation of motion (2.1.1) (Eq. 1.1 in Chapter 2) can be a mathematical problem of great difficulty. In this case, since the equation of motion is nonlinear, the theory may become extremely involved, and rigorous analytic expressions for the charged particle trajectory cannot, in general, be obtained in closed form. Numerical methods of integration must be used in order to obtain all the details of the motion.
CITATION STYLE
Bittencourt, J. A. (2004). Charged Particle Motion in Nonuniform Magnetostatic Fields. In Fundamentals of Plasma Physics (pp. 59–94). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4030-1_3
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