Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rheumatology Review

Abstract

Includes index. This book provides a comprehensive clinical review of diagnostic and interventional applications of musculoskeletal ultrasound at the point-of-care. As more rheumatologists and other musculoskeletal providers in training and in practice learn the skill of musculoskeletal ultrasound, an increasing number of them will seek study materials for exam preparation and practical knowledge that apply to their clinical practice. Each chapter covers a standardized protocol of joint images with probe placement, and includes numerous examples of common ultrasound pathologies, clearly addressing what kind of pathology to look for with specific ultrasound image views. Review topics are emphasized, and study tools such as key-concept overviews, lists of important studies in the field, and extensive questions for self-assessment are included throughout. Because ultrasound training is moving toward becoming a mandatory part of rheumatology fellowship and has become mandatory in physical medicine and rehabilitation residencies, this book is a valuable educational resource for rheumatologists, physiatrists, and musculoskeletal providers seeking a practical review guide for preparation of certification exams and use in clinical practice. Dedication; Preface; Organization; Acknowledgements; Contents; Contributors; Author Bios; Introduction: Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Indications and Fundamentals; Key Points; Introduction; Indications for Ultrasound in Rheumatology; Technical Fundamentals of Ultrasound; Ultrasound Waves; Ultrasound Energy; Ultrasound Modes; Ultrasound Equipment; How to Use Ultrasound Equipment: "Knobology"; How to Sit and Hold the Probe: Ultrasound Ergonomics; How Anatomic Structures Appear on an Ultrasound Image; Common Artifacts; Anisotropy; Posterior Acoustic Shadowing (Attenuation Artifact) Posterior Acoustic Enhancement Lateral Edge Shadowing; Posterior Reverberation; Mirror Image; Conclusion; Review Questions; Answers; References; Basic Ultrasound Pathology; Key Points; Introduction; Definitions; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Synovitis and Tenosynovitis; Effusions; Erosions; RA Synovitis Scoring Systems; Prognosis; Osteoarthritis; Osteophytes; Articular Cartilage Damage; Effusions and Baker's Cysts; Synovitis; Spondyloarthropathies; Tendon/Enthesis; Ankylosing Spondylitis; Psoriatic Arthritis; Dactylitis; Psoriasis of the Nails; Scoring Systems for SpA Crystal Arthropathies: Gout and CPPD/Pseudogout Gout; Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia and Early Gout; Gout Vs. Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition (Pseudogout); Ultrasound vs. Other Imaging Modalities for Diagnosis of Gout; Gout Ultrasound Methodology; Chronic Tophaceous Gout; Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Sjogren's Syndrome; Large Vessel Vasculitis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Conclusion; Review Questions; Answers; References; Synovitis Evaluation; Key Points; Introduction How to Obtain Good Images for Evaluation of Synovitis in Joints and Tendons Ultrasound Evaluation of Synovitis; Doppler Ultrasound; Optimization of Doppler Settings; Semiquantitative Synovitis Scoring Systems; Quantitative Synovitis Scoring; Number of Joints to be Examined; Evaluation of Tenosynovitis; Paratenonitis; Conclusion; Review Questions; Answers; References; Ultrasound of the Hand and Wrist; Key Points; General Principles; Dorsal Wrist; Radial Wrist; Ulnar Wrist; Volar/Palmar Wrist; Finger Joints; Pathology; Synovitis; Erosions; Tendon and Ligament Pathology Nodules Nerve Impingement; Conclusion; Review Questions; Answers; References; Ultrasound of the Elbow; Key Points; Introduction; Ultrasound Examination Technique; Anterior Elbow; Lateral Elbow; Medial Elbow; Posterior Elbow; Rheumatologic Elbow Pathology; Synovial Pathology; Bursal Pathology; Tendon and Ligament Pathology; Bony Pathology; Soft-Tissue Pathology; Nerve Pathology; Injections and Ultrasound Guidance at the Elbow; Conclusion; Review Questions; Answers; References; Ultrasound of the Shoulder; Key Points; Introduction; Sonoanatomy; Osseous Sonoanatomy