Evaluation of water, sanitation, and hygiene, behavioral aspects, household state for the diarrhea prevalence among students in the valley of sinabung volcano, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea stands as a result of the inter-variable relationships, including behavior, environmental aspect, and household states. AIM: The study aimed to conduct an epidemiologic survey of diarrhea prevalence and several existing risk factors of diarrhea. METHODS: A community-based surveillance and in-depth interview were conducted following the JMP ladder service for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and government regulation and it enrolled 135 children of a public primary school, SDN 040494, and households in the Valley of Sinabung Volcano, North Sumatera, Indonesia, between June and October 2019. There were only two lowest categories of each WASH indicator. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis has also demonstrated a high likelihood of diarrhea among the population in limited settings for hygiene (p = 0.012, AOR 7.892, and 95% CI 2.485, 25.064) and low daily income (p = 0.015, AOR 3.079, and 95% CI 1.148, 8.260). CONCLUSION: Hygiene and daily income have significant association with diarrhea prevalence. Improvement of hygienic practices is mandatory as well as preventing volcanic eruption implications to the economy of the local community.