Development of insect resistance to plant biopesticides: An overview

Abstract

Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) and botanical biochemical pesticides have been widely used as alternative pesticides to synthetic chemical insecticides in the cropping industry. Usually, it takes longer for insects to develop a resistance to such alternative pesticides because these pesticides have broad or non-specific mode of actions. The fact that they are naturally derived pesticides and have multiple modes of action does not mean they are less susceptible to resistance. This review provides information about the resistance development in insect population against PIPs (Bt crop) and botanical pesticides. The mechanisms of resistance, evidence of resistance to these biopesticides, resistance management, and future trend for plant biopesticides are discussed.