Generalized Equations of Electrodynamics of Continuous Media

Abstract

Development of quantum engineering put forward new theoretical problems. Behavior of a single mesoscopic cell (device) we may usually describe by equations of quantum mechanics. However if experimentators gather hundreds of thousands of similar cells there arises some artificial medium that one already needs to describe by means of electromagnetic equations. In the present work it is demonstrated that the inherent primacy of vector potential in quantum systems leads to a generalization of the equations of electromagnetism by introducing in them toroid polarizations. We mention some of their applications.