Sport Manipulations: Breaching Sport Rules for Gaining Advantage

Abstract

This chapter aims at covering simple sport manipulations that do not include dysfunctions, distortions, corruption and naked economic crime. Some of them are not directly linked to making money out of the manipulation or taking an economic advantage from it such as hazing, sabotage, goading, diving, playing against the rules, gamesmanship, refereeing biases, health-compromising practices, naked violence and hooliganism. Then comes those rule violations that enable the guilty ones to gain a competitive or economic advantage which eventually translates into pocketing money streams such as cheating to make money, technological manipulations in sport, tanking and sandbagging.