A Comparative Study on Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices for Managing Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly influenced everyday life, extending its benefits to laypersons and experts alike. IoT-enabled devices, capable of generating periodic data from embedded sensors, have become instrumental tools for analysis, predictive modelling, and data-driven decision-making. Among the myriad applications, diabetes mellitus- a global health burden, ranking ninth among causes of mortality- stands as a crucial area of focus. Effective glucose monitoring is paramount in managing diabetes and mitigating its potentially life-threatening complications. This study provides an in-depth comparative analysis of three glucose monitoring techniques: electrochemical, optical, and wearable methodologies. Early intervention and effective management of diabetes can improve life expectancy and decrease the risk of associated complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Top-tier wearable Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices were evaluated based on criteria such as accuracy, cost-effectiveness, unique features, and potential limitations. The CGM device demonstrating superior accuracy, assessed via the Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) value, was identified. This manuscript serves as a comprehensive guide to CGM systems, addressing their challenges and future prospects, and offering valuable insights for industry specialists and healthcare professionals striving to optimize diabetes management solutions. Furthermore, it assists Medicare beneficiaries in selecting the most suitable CGM device and provides device manufacturers with comparative data to enhance their products. Practical limitations of the devices are also discussed, providing direction for future improvements. By bridging the gap between technology and healthcare, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of life for individuals with diabetes mellitus through the adoption of advanced CGM devices.