Métodos y técnicas para la construcción de símbolos táctiles hacia una Cartografía Inclusiva

Abstract

This article presents an overview of the experiences over several years of the authors involving the production of tactile graphic representations, with emphasis on creating the symbols (linear, area and point) used to portray geocartographic information. The symbols that are already standardized will be presented, as will the methodologies used for defining and setting them up. Making use of the symbology of tactile maps for tourism as an example, the features necessary for signs to be understood by the users, mainly those who have visual deficiencies, will be discussed. A tactile cartographic product makes it possible for visually disabled persons to have access to geographic information and knowledge by means of the tactile symbols and the Braille text that are included in each of the cartographic products. This type of tactile cartography enables one to portray information in a way that is suitable and understandable for the blind user, which involves using carefully designed tactile symbols. This lets them find, get to know and set up a mental image of the geographic area portrayed. It is important to point out that an adequate teaching of tactile reading and of the Braille language, along with the prior knowledge held by the blind person about the geographic variable portrayed, will make it easier for that person to extract information from a tactile map, from a graphic image or from images in relief.