Developing employees’ job embeddedness through workplace civility and social cohesion: The role of work overload

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relationships among workplace civility, social cohesion, and job embeddedness, and to measure the moderating effect of work overload on these relationships. Three hundred twelve respondents from various job sectors in Indonesia participated in this study. All hypotheses were examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis using Hayes’ macro PROCESS. Workplace civility was positively and significantly related to social cohesion and employee job embeddedness. This study also found that social cohesion mediates the relationship between workplace civility and job embeddedness. Work overload was found to be a moderator in the relationship between workplace civility-job embeddedness and social cohesion-job embeddedness, such as these relationships are stronger when the work overload is low and vice versa.