Adoption of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and Its Prospects for the Future (A Review)

Abstract

The consumption of massive quantities of these fossil resources leads to extreme warming, air pollution, and the depletion of the ozone layer. Hydrogen can be the most promising source of renewable energy. Hydrogen fuel cells can produce electricity by allowing chemical gases and oxidants as reactants. The entire technology is environmentally friendly and produces water as a byproduct. The benefits of hydrogen and fuel cells are numerous but will not be fully apparent until they are in widespread use. Hence the usage of hydrogen as fuel in the fleet of cars will boost energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse pollution. For using hydrogen fuel cells in the road transport sector, the viability of the hydrogen energy network needs to be evaluated appropriately, and its tools, manufacturing processes, storage, fuel transport, dispensing, and consumption should be analyzed. This research discusses the key issues of elevated rates of environmental pollution in numerous urban areas and transport fuels efficiency and explores their protection measures utilizing hydrogen energy technology. In this study, the fundamentals, recent development, and prospects have been reviewed to analyze the practicability of consuming hydrogen as the primary fuel in vehicles and Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been used as the main fuel cell technology.