The medical applications of silver nanoparticles

Abstract

Recent progresses in nano technology and nano science have developed the way we detect, treat, and prevent diseases. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most important elements among the many metallic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications. Physical, chemical and photochemical procedures all have been used to synthesize AgNPs, as well as irradiation and biological approaches, electrochemical methods. The importance of AgNPs appears in antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-angiogenic applications in biological and biomedical research. Furthermore, under some conditions, the free release of silver ions from AgNPs causes cell death in mammalian and microbial cells, indicating that AgNPs are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to develop on AgNPs surface in prior studies. AgNPs, based on these properties, have a lot of promise in terms of minimizing wound inflammation and hence boosting wound healing when applied topically. Introduction Nanoscience and nano technology have been introduced as interdisciplinary areas in biology, chemistry, physics and bioengineering. Silver (Ag) is a transition metal with anatomic weight of107.87, 961.78 °C for melting and 2162 °C for boiling. Silver is extremely malleable and ductile, and it also got the highest electrical and thermal conductivities among all metals in their pure state. When pure silver comes in to touch with chemicals containing Sulphur or chloride and don't react with water or air. Silver frequently found in ores including copper, lead, gold, and zinc, and is rarely found as a single metal. Instead, it is found in mixtures with sulphur, chlorine, arsenic, or antimony. Depending on the application, nanoparticles can be made in a variety of shapes. Spherical Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most prevalent, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also often utilized [1]. Nano science is are latively recent inter disciplinary field that is based on the funda mental features of nanoscale objects [2]. Because of their large surface area to volume ratio, nanoparticles have more amazing optical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic capabilities than bulk materials. Nanoparticles are particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 micrometers [3]. Because of their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties, they have a wide range of applications in spectral analysis, catalysis, electronics, sensors, and developing new drug manufacturing methods in the pharmaceutical industry [4]. Dueto their unique features, AgNPs have gotten alot of attention in nanobiotechnology research; so they have been widely used in food storage, house hold goods, health-care business, environmental and biological applications [1]. AgNPs chemical, physical and biological features' make them one-of-a-kind. As a result, nanoparticles have been used fora wide range of applications. Chemical, physical, photo chemical, and biological processes, such as chemical reduction, laser ablation, and green synthesis employing bioorganic plants, haveall been used in the synthesis of AgNPs [5]. Various biological and medicinal applications use AgNPs, including-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Furthermore, under some conditions, the free release of silver ions from AgNPs causes cell death in mammalian and microbial cells, indicating that AgNPs are broad-spectrum antimicrobials [6]. ROS were found to develop on the surface of AgNPs in prior studies [7]. AgNPs, based on these characteristics, have a lot of promise in terms of limiting wound in inflammation and hence boosting wound healing when applied topically [8] .