Associations between adherence to four a priori dietary indexes and cardiometabolic risk factors among hyperlipidemic patients

Abstract

Little is known about which currently available a priori dietary indexes provide best guidance for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among hyperlipidemic patients. This study was designed to compare the associations between four a priori dietary indexes, including Diet Balance Index (DBI‐16), Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and CMRF among hyperlipidemic patients. A total of 269 participants were enrolled into the cross‐sectional study. DBI‐16, CHEI, MDS, and DASH scores were calculated using established methods. CMRF was measured using standard methods. DBI‐total scores (DBI‐TS) were inversely associated with triglyceride concentrations and TC:HDL‐C ratio, and positively associated with HDL‐C and ApoA1 concentrations (all p < 0.05), while the results for DBI‐low bound scores (DBI‐LBS) were opposite. DBI‐high bound scores (DBI‐ HBS) and DASH scores were positively and inversely associated with glucose concentrations, respectively (both p < 0.05). Higher diet quality distance (DQD) was positively associated with higher TC, LDL‐C and ApoB concentrations, and TC:HDL‐C and LDL‐C:HDL‐C ratios, and lower HDL‐C and ApoA1 concentrations and ApoA1:ApoB ratio (all p < 0.05). CHEI scores were inversely associated with triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.036). None of the dietary indexes was associated with blood pressures. DBI‐16 provided most comprehensive evaluations of the overall diet quality and balance for optimizing cardiometabolic health among hyperlipidemic individuals.