Cosmetic Approach for Melasma

Abstract

Melasma is a chronic acquired focal hypermelanosis localized on sun-exposed areas that commonly affects females during their fertile years. Despite many known risk factors as cumulative sun exposure, oral contraceptive pills, pregnancy, stress, cosmetics, and some drugs, the physiopathology of melasma is not yet fully understood, which limits the development of definitive treatments and prevention strategies. Family occurrence (40--60{\%}) is an evidence of genetic predisposition. Here, we discuss the role of sun protection, topical bleachers, light technologies, peelings, and oral strategies on therapeutic approach of melasma. Moreover, prognostic factors are pointed out.