Musculoskeletal infection

Abstract

Pediatric musculoskeletal infections, while a common cause for presentation to primary care physicians, can vary greatly in severity. Given the potential for adverse medical and musculoskeletal outcome, few consults provoke more apprehension and concern than a child with a potential infection. For these reasons, the rapid diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the musculoskeletal infection is critical for directing antibiotic treatment and referral for operative management. In this chapter, we will examine the epidemiology and clinical presentation of common pediatric musculoskeletal infections, discuss the diagnostic tools available (imaging and laboratory assessments) for evaluation of infection location and progression, and highlight evidence-based treatment practices aimed at mitigating adverse outcomes.