The potential of metals in combating bacterial pathogens

Abstract

The progression of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of microbial biofilms pose serious threats, which have prompted the development of novel antimicrobials such as metals and metal-based compounds. Whereas the use of metals has historical foundations, metal antimicrobials are presently found in numerous consumer products since they demonstrate effective broad-spectrum activity that enables the eradication of pathogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, much is yet to be understood regarding the mechanisms by which metals are able to kill microbes. Metal antimicrobial use can cause environmental contamination resulting in altered microbial communities and the propagation of resistance. Furthermore, of primary concern, is the toxicity of metals to humans. Upon the onset of antibiotic resistance, is the use of metals worth the risk? Or are we past the point of consideration, since metal antimicrobials are now routinely used and developed as a means of eliminating threatening microorganisms?