Objective: To provide a research review of the components and outcomes of routine outcome monitoring (ROM) and recommendations for research and therapeutic practice. Method: A narrative review of the three phases of ROM–data collection, feeding back data, and adapting therapy–and an overview of patient outcomes from 11 meta-analytic studies. Results: Patients support ROM when its purpose is clear and integrated within therapy. Greater frequency of data collection is more important for shorter-term therapies, and use of graphs, greater specificity of feedback, and alerts are helpful. Overall effects on patient outcomes are statistically significant (g ≈ 0.15) and increase when clinical support tools (CSTs) are used for not-on-track cases (g ≈ 0.36–0.53). Effects are additive to standard effects of psychological therapies. Organizational, personnel, and resource issues remain the greatest obstacles to the successful adoption of ROM. Conclusion: ROM offers a low-cost method for enhancing patient outcomes, on average resulting in an ≈ 8% advantage (success rate difference; SRD) over standard care. CSTs are particularly effective for not-on-track patients (SRD between ≈ 20% and 29%), but ROM does not work for all patients and successful implementation is a major challenge, along with securing appropriate cultural adaptations.
CITATION STYLE
Barkham, M., De Jong, K., Delgadillo, J., & Lutz, W. (2023). Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) and Feedback: Research Review and Recommendations. Psychotherapy Research, 33(7), 841–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2023.2181114
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