Nightmare disorders in adults

Abstract

Approximately 5–8 % of the general population report problems with nightmares, and a sizeable proportion of individuals exposed to a traumatic event will experience frequent nightmares. Chronic nightmares can accompany a broad range of clinical conditions but may also occur in otherwise well-functioning individuals. Targeting nightmares directly can be a practical and valuable way of approaching the problem. A range of cognitive-behavioral techniques have been shown to be effective at alleviating nightmares and improvements can be achieved rather rapidly and maintained over time. Pharmacological options also exist, particularly in regards to posttraumatic stress disorder-related nightmares. A clinical vignette is presented to highlight assessment and treatment considerations.