An Investigation of Engine Performance and Exhaust Gas Emissions under Load Variations using Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Cooking Oil and B30 Blend

Abstract

The increasing focus on alternative fuels, especially in internal combustion engines, responds to the growing interest in reducing reliance on fossil fuels and meeting domestic fuel demands. Crude palm oil (CPO) emerges as a viable vegetable oil alternative for diesel engines. This review delves into experimental tests involving biodiesel from waste cooking oil to assess its impact on engine performance and exhaust emissions. The study utilizes waste cooking oil biodiesel and B30 as a reference fuel. Experimental procedures involve testing biodiesel performance characteristics such as brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake torque (BT). The tests are conducted on a diesel engine coupled with a generator loaded with an incandescent lamp. Different load conditions ranging from 0.5 kW to 4.5 kW are employed. Results indicate that waste cooking oil biodiesel leads to lower BP, BT, and BTE by 1.68%, 1.7%, and 21%, respectively. Moreover, waste cooking oil biodiesel exhibits a 36% higher BSFC compared to B30. Notably, HC emissions and smoke opacity are reduced by 14.4% and 73%, respectively, with the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel. The lower calorific value, viscosity, and higher density of waste cooking oil biodiesel compared to B30 impact fuel combustion processes, influencing air-fuel mixture and combustion efficiency.