Intravitreal autologous plasmin as a therapeutic modality for diffuse diabetic macular edema

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of vitreolysis using intravitreal autologous plasmin (IAP) injection as a sole therapeutic modality for patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema in comparison to triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Patients and methods: The study included 50 diabetic patients, 18 males and 32 females, with a mean age of 66.4 ± 7.8 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 14 ± 2.4 years. All patients underwent full ophthalmologic examination and were allocated randomly into two groups: the TA group received 4 mg TA and the IAP group received 0.2 mL freshly home-prepared autologous plasmin. Outcome measures included determination of central macular thickness (CMT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: Both TA and plasmin induced signifcant decrease of CMT compared to baseline thickness with nonsignifcant difference between both groups. The extent of decrease of CMT reached a peak at 1 month after injection and then started to decline until the sixth month, but was signifcantly thinner when compared to baseline thickness. However, the extent of dete- rioration was less evident with plasmin as the difference between follow-up measures at 3 and 6 months were nonsignifcant compared to the 1-month measure and to each other. BCVA was signifcantly improved compared to baseline BCVA with a nonsignifcant difference between both groups at 1 and 3 months, but at 6 months, mean BCVA signifcantly deteriorated in TA group compared to that recorded at 3 months, but not in the IAP group. At 3 and 6 months after injection, IOP was signifcantly lower in both groups compared to IOP at 1 month despite being signifcantly higher in the TA group, but IOP was nonsignifcantly lower in the IAP group compared to baseline. Moreover, mean IOP estimated at 3 and 6 months was signifcantly higher in the TA group compared to the IAP group. Conclusion: Vitreolysis using IAP injection provided effective diminution of CMT with improvement of BCVA and this effect was longer lasting and safer than intravitreal injection of TA without concomitant increase of IOP. © 2012 Elsawy, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.