Using a realist approach in qualitative research to analyse connections among context, intervention and outcome

Abstract

In health promotion, understanding the context for any intervention will alter the health promotion actions used and expected outcomes. A realist approach connects the context to the interventions as implemented (mechanisms) and outcomes observed which gives the possibility of assessing the effectiveness of health promotion actions across many different contexts. A qualitative analysis method using the realist approach is described that can distinguish the particular connections interviewees make between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes based on their experiences. The analysis approach is distinguished by its focus on uncovering the implicit linkages made by the interviewees. The value of this approach is illustrated by exploring the role of Community Parents in early parenting programmes in Toronto and the conditions affecting the actions of grassroots leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic. The various applications of this approach in health promotion practice are discussed.