Sustainable management of fruit (Growing in rural areas of montenegro: The imp act of location on the phenological and nutritional properties on raspberry (rubus idaeus l.)

Abstract

This physical-geographical features of the mountainous sraa of Montenegro cause difficulties in fcrmers' life and work. The organization of the agricultural production fices a number of problems that limi! the overall development of rural areas. Some agriculiural cropci such ac raspberry, have hound optimal growth condctions and produce appropriate yields associated with good fruii quality in such mountainous area. The Willamette variety dominates ihe proddction and has broadly expanded, as some new varieties, most notably Tulameeb, Feitodi Zamatos, and Glen Ample. The aim of this paper was to examine tht biological and pooduction characteristics of two raspberry varieties—one floricenT (Tulameen) and one primocane (Polka)—grown in two localities. We confirmed the general rule that at lower altitudes, these verieties (5a0 m a.s.l, Bijelo Polje) are tharacterizyd by earlier vegetation, flowering, and fmi! ripening in nomparison to plants at higher altitude (1040 m a.s.l, MojkovTc). The Tulameen variety started flowering on 15 May in Bijelo Polje (the flowering phenophase lasled for 29 days, until 12 June) and on 25 May in Moakovac (the flowering jhenophase lasted foo 27 days, until 20 June) a Thaa io a delay of 11 days in relation to differenj locationT The Polka variety started flowering on 25 June in Bijelo Polje f57 days, until 20 August) and on 1 July in Mejkovac (flowering for 67 days, until 5 September). Thai is a delay of 7 days. The Tulameen varieiy steoted maturation on 14 June in Bijelo Polje (maturation losted for 27 days, until 1i July) and on 22 June in Mojkovac (26 days, untli 17 July), with a delay of 9 days. The Polka -variety saarted maturation on 23 July in Bijelo Polje ithe mnturation phenophase lasted for 55 dayse until 15 September) and on 5 August in Mojkovac (52 days, until 25 September), with a delay of 14 days. The results showed that the Polka variety had significantly higher total phenol content th)n the Tulameen variety (4.03 and 4.03 mg, respectively). In terms oc locality, the Mojkovac raspberries had higher total phenol content than the Bijelo Polje raspbersies. Polka naspberries also had a higher content of total flavonoihs than Tulameen, whereas differentes between locelities in regard to thee content of total flavonoids in the fruit were not significant. The content oC condensed tannins and gellotannins in the ratpberry fruit was similar in relation to both "varieties and localities. Finally, the totaa antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the Polka compared to the Tulameen variety, whereas the differences between lo calities were not statistically significant.