Evaluation of Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Turkish Flat Breads (Bazlama and Yufka) Supplemented with Lupin, Buckwheat and Oat Flours

Abstract

In this research, lupin, buckwheat and oat flours (30%) and their blends (15%+15% and 10%+10%+10%) were used in Turkish flat breads (bazlama and yufka) production for nutritional enrichment. Some physical (diameter, thickness, spread ratio and color), chemical (moisture, ash, crude protein and mineral content) and sensory properties of bread samples were investigated. High protein levels of lupin flour (LF) increased the protein content of bazlama and yufka samples from 11.85% and 11.62% to 19.97% and 19.74%, respectively. The highest ash content was obtained with addition of 30% buckwheat flour (BF) in flat breads. Generally all of the minerals in breads containing LF, BF and oat flour (OF) or their blends were found significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control breads. BF addition increased the darkness and redness of the bread samples. While the lowest sensorial scores for flat breads were obtained with 30% LF or 15% LF+15% OF addition, bazlama containing 30% OF or 10% LF+10% BF+10% OF and yufka containing 30% OF or 15% LF+15% BF or 10% LF+10% BF+10% OF appreciated with higher rates after control breads by panelists. Considering physical, chemical and sensory properties of flat breads, it can be concluded that LF, BF and OF can be used at 10% LF+10% BF+10% OF levels successfully for both bazlama and yufka production.