Conservation of Properties of Outer Membranes Protein across Host Genera of Pasteurella multocida Suggests Common Mechanism of Action

Abstract

A decade before the discovery of non-coding transcripts, approximately 98% of the human genome was known as “transcriptional noise” or “junk DNA”. However, with the recent findings, non-coding transcripts are continuously turning into functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). NcRNAs comprise multiple classes of RNA transcripts that are not transcribed into proteins but have shown to regulate the transcription, stability, or translation of protein-coding genes in the mammalian genome. Nowadays the most studied ncRNAs are called miRNAs. They have been involved in the biogenesis and development of cancer. More recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were discovered and they have been shown not only to play a role in transcriptional and translational regulation, but also be involved in several diseases including cancer. LncRNAs are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. The accumulating body of evidence suggests that lncRNAs play important roles in a variety of biological processes. They have been reported to be altered in many pathological states including cancer. LncRNAs with oncogenic functions (we may call; OncoLncs) were reported to be overexpressed in cancer cells and involved in the hallmarks of cancer including sustained proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The field of regulatory RNAs is continuously growing especially the lncRNAs. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we discussed the advances on OncoLncs field in the malignant transformation of cancer and the therapeutics opportunities.