Regulaciones para reducir emisiones de MP2.5 y externalidades sobre sus precursores cuando existe disponibilidad de un combustible limpio

Abstract

The metropolitan area of Concepción, Chile, shows high ambient levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) due in part to industrial sources. In order to analyze reduction alternatives, a system of emission permisson is compared to an emission standard, considering two alternatives: end of pipe technologies and fuel substitution to natural gas. We conclude that with increases of natural gas availability, the industrial sources will change their fuel even without regulation because lower prices generate significant cost savings; moreover, fuel substitution generates externalities for reducing emissions of SO2 and NOX (both pollutants are precursors of PM2.5). These externalities should justify subsidizing the installation of liquid natural gas plants in industrial areas highly polluted with PM2.5.