The role of sleep in psychological well-being in athletes

Abstract

Sleep is an important factor that can directly influence the mental well-being of athletes. There exists a number of theories regarding the purpose of sleep, though data and consensus opinion supporting these theories remain limited. Sleep consists of a number of different phases, and a disruption of the sleep cycle can impact sleep quality and function in athletes and active people. Sleep can be both a precipitant and a consequence of mental health disorders, and there are a number of sleep-specific disorders that can impact athletic performance. Sleep optimization begins with understanding the problem at hand, conducting appropriate studies if needed, and providing education and treatments to reduce or eliminate risk factors and maladaptive behaviors. A number of medications may impact sleep type and sleep quality and, in some instances, may be used to promote sleep onset and treat insomnia.