Establishment of critical nutrient levels in soil and plant for eucalyptus

Abstract

The adoption of more productive and nutrient-demanding genotypes, in addition soils with low availability of nutrients of soils under forest plantations, lead high fertilizer demand and justify research that seeks to rationalize the use of these inputs. Therefore, we aimed with this research to determine classes of interpretation of soil fertility using boundary line (BL) and estimate macronutrient sufficiency ranges for eucalyptus. Fertility classes and sufficiency ranges were obtained using a database of areas cultivated with eucalyptus in the Central-East region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, totaling 689 plots, containing information on yield, leaf contents, and soil chemical properties. Scatter plots were drawn relating the mean annual increment (MAI) in trunk volume (relative) with soil organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) of the 0.00-0.20 m layer. Those graphs and equations were used to estimate soil fertility classes. Leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were plotted with soil contents of OM, P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Using the Quadrant Diagram of the plant-soil Relationship (QDpsR) method, horizontal and vertical lines were drawn separating the cloud of points in four quadrants. With the points at the quadrants III and I, regression equations were fitted. To obtain foliar sufficiency ranges, soil values of critical and optimal levels of OM, P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, obtained by BL, were substituted in the equations generated by the QDpsR method. The appropriate soil content ranges determined by BL for productivity of 47.7 m3 ha-1 yr-1 were: 24.75-38.28 g kg-1 of OM, 8.5-14.6 mg dm-3 of P, 100.0-150.35 mg dm-3 of K+, 0.77-1.47 cmolc dm-3 of Ca2+, and 0.25-0.43 cmolc dm-3 of Mg2+. Leaf content ranges determined by QDpsR are: 19.4-21.3 g kg-1 of N, 1.0-1.2 g kg-1 of P, 8.5-10.6 g kg-1 of K, 4.8-6.1 g kg-1 of Ca, and 1.9-2.4 g kg-1 of Mg. The critical levels of nutrients in the soil, obtained by the BL method, and the leaf sufficiency ranges, obtained using the QDpsR method, are similar to those existing in the literature. This indicates that this methodology is reliable in establishing standards and that the critical levels obtained can be used to improve the recommendation of fertilizers for eucalyptus.