Problem-Solving Treatment for People Recently Diagnosed with Visual Impairment: Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Problem-Solving Treatment (PST) has been used to treat and prevent depression in a variety of settings. However, the impact of PST on improving psychological well-being in those with recent vision loss remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PST may lead to better psychological well-being in people with recent vision loss through a pilot parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Methods: Participants who were diagnosed with visual impairment during the previous 3 months were randomly allocated to either an 8-week PST or treatment as usual (N = 61). Outcome measures were administered at baseline, 3, 6, and 9-months. Results: A linear mixed model demonstrated that PST significantly improved psychological well-being (measured by the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale) (treatment effect = 2.44; 95% CI = 0.40–4.47; p = 0.019). Significant improvements in the PST group for symptoms of distress, quality of life and self-efficacy were also observed. There was no significant difference in mobility. The treatment effect was consistent at all follow-ups. Attrition rate was low (13%). Conclusions: PST was associated with a significant and sustained improvement in a range of outcomes in people with recent vision loss. Further large scale RCT is now required.