A comparative analysis of transit oriented development guidelines between Malaysia and other countries

Abstract

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is an emerging concept to optimise the land use development surrounding a transit station and to create a reliable relationship between a densely compact urban form and high public transportation ridership. In Malaysia, the concept of TOD was initiated in the first National Physical Plan in 2005 and mentioned again in National Physical Plan 2 in 2010. This paper identifies the principle of TOD applied in Malaysia and other countries, and discusses the differences and similarities of the TOD practices using comparative analysis and document analysis methods. Findings of this study indicate that mixed-use development, high density, intensity and connectivity are the main TOD principles adopted in Malaysia and other countries around the globe. The current policy and practises of these countries tend to focus more on the better management and increase ridership of these transit rail stations, including ways to encourage users to shift from private vehicles to public transportation. The findings of this study would contribute towards policy decisions and practices of TOD in Malaysia.