Association between the occurrence of buccally displaced canine and palatal and craniofacial morphology in adolescents

Abstract

The main objective of the present research study is to evaluate the association between the occurrence of buccally displaced canine (BDC) and the palatal as well as the craniofacial morphology in adolescents in accordance at the early permanent dentition. As the experimental group, 100 adolescents of Chinese ethnicity (mean age 13.05 years) with crowding and buccally displaced canine (BDC-c) were selected in comparison with the same number of candidates (mean age 12.59 years) without BDC and crowding as control group. Digital dental casts and cephalograms were collected for three dimensional (3D) and cephalometric measurements. An independent sample T-test was used to compare the cephalometric values between the two groups. Logistic regression as commonly statistical methods used in empirical study including categorical dependent variables was used to identify the joint effects of the dental variables’ 3D measurements. When comparing the groups with above analysis, patients with BDC showed a statistically significant narrower and higher palatal vault. For the cephalometric variables, the anterior cranial base length, sagittal position of the maxilla (SNA), sagittal position of the mandible (SNB), and skeletal relationship between maxilla and mandible (ANB) appeared to be smaller, whilst palatal plane angle (SN-PP), Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), anterior facial height, and lower facial height were larger in BDC-c control group (p < 0.05). A smaller inter-first premolar width was significant in the prediction model (p = 0.002). This study highlights that BDC-c participants in early permanent dentition exhibited a narrower dental arch and higher palatal vault, of which a smaller inter-first premolar width would significantly increase the occurrence of BDC.