Neonatal skin disorders

Abstract

The skin has many functions essential for human survival, and a developmentally mature and intact epidermal barrier is necessary after birth. Immature skin dysfunction is manifested by an inability to maintain body homeostasis because of the elevated rates of transepidermal water loss and transcutaneous heat loss, increased risk of local and systemic infections, increased uptake of potentially toxic agents, and vulnerability to trauma. A greater understanding of the prenatal and postnatal epidermal barrier development, its structure and functions has resulted in new approaches in the treatment and skin care of premature infants that influence their outcome. These new strategies include topical use of protective substances, manipulation of the external environment and prospective pharmacologic augmentation of skin maturation. Some common neonatal skin lesions are reviewed at the end of the article.