Chromium(III), chromium(VI) and cobalt release from leathers produced in Nicaragua

Abstract

Background: Leather exposure has been associated with chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) contact dermatitis. Cr(VI) in leather is now restricted to <3 mg/kg in the EU. Cr(III) is not restricted. Objectives: To analyse 29 differently coloured Cr-tanned leather samples from two Nicaraguan tanneries, and to compare their release of Cr, Cr(VI) and Co with that of leathers produced in Europe. Methods: Cr, Cr(VI) and Co were extracted in phosphate buffer for 3 hours at 25°C according to EN ISO 17075. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and spectrophotometry were used for detection of the metals in phosphate buffer. Results: There was no difference in total Cr or Cr(VI) release between European and Nicaraguan leathers. There was no association between Cr(VI) and total Cr release. Co was released primarily from leathers of one tannery. Cr(III) was released in significantly higher amounts than Cr(VI). Conclusions: Future investigations and regulations should focus on Cr(III) and Co as well as on Cr(VI).