A novel computed tomography angiography technique: guided preoperative localization and design of anterolateral thigh perforator flap

Abstract

Background: Anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap is considered a versatile flap for soft tissue reconstruction. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is used for mapping perforator in abdominal-based reconstruction; however, it is less commonly used in ALTP due to its poor imaging efficacy. In this study, we introduced a novel CTA technique for preoperative localization and design of ALTP flap and evaluated its value in directing surgical reconstruction. Results: Thirty-five patients with soft tissue defects were consecutively enrolled. Modified CTA procedures, such as sharp convolution kernel, ADMIRE iterative reconstruction, 80 kV tube voltage, high flow contrast agent and cinematic rendering image reconstruction, were used to map ALTPs. A total of 287 perforators (including 884 sub-branches) were determined, with a mean of 5 perforators per thigh (range 2–11). The ALTPs were mainly concentrated in the “hot zone” (42%, 121/287) or the distal zone (41%, 118/287). Most perforators originated from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (76%, 219/287). Three perforator types, namely musculocutaneous (62%, 177/287), septocutaneous (33%, 96/287), and mixed pattern (5%, 14/287), were identified. The median pedicle length measured by two methods was 4.1 cm (range 0.7–20.3 cm) and 17.0 cm (range 4.7–33.9 cm), respectively, and the median diameter of the skin flap nourished by one perforator was 3.4 cm (IQR 2.1–5.7 cm). Twenty-eight ALTP flaps were obtained with the guidance of CTA, and 26 flaps survived after follow-up. Conclusions: The proposed CTA mapping technique is a useful tool for preoperative localization and design of ALTP flap.