Prevalence and Determinants of Modifiable Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults in Mizan-Aman Town, Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) impose a large burden on human health worldwide; and are the major causes of mortality and morbidity. CNCDs were responsible for 68% of the 56 million deaths that occurred in 2012. The burden of chronic diseases, especially in developing countries, is increasing rapidly and is becoming a significant social, economic, and health consequences [1]. The increasing incidence of chronic diseases in low-income countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) poses a growing challenge to their national health systems, [2] given that infectious diseases are still highly prevalent in these settings. The increase is attributed to interrelated changes in demographic and socioeconomic determinants, influenced by globalization [3,4]. A reviewed literature on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in SSA showed that the prevalence of stroke ranged from 0.07 to 0.3%, diabetes mellitus from 0 to 16%, hypertension 6 to 48% and current smoking from 0.4 to 71% [2]. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 2011 that 34% of Ethiopian population is dying from non-communicable diseases, with a national cardiovascular disease prevalence of 15%, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence of 4% each, and diabetes mellitus prevalence of 2 % [5]. These troublesome CNCDs are caused by different modifiable risk factors. The major modifiable risk factors are classified in to two major categories namely behavioral risk factors and Abstract Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases impose a large burden on human health worldwide. Even though the burden of these chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia is increasing significantly; their prevalence across different regions of the country is not known clearly. Likewise, there has been no research conducted in Mizan-Aman town on the prevalence of risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess prevalence and determinants of modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among adults in Mizan-Aman town, Ethiopia.