Design, dynamics, experience (DDE): An advancement of the MDA framework for game design

Abstract

Although the Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetics (MDA) framework is probably the most widely accepted and practically employed approach to game design, that framework has recently been criticized for several weaknesses. Other frameworks have been proposed to overcome those limitations, but none has generated sufficient support to replace MDA. In this chapter, we improve the MDA framework, place it on new pillars and thus present the Design, Dynamics, Experience (DDE) framework for the design of computer and video games.