Spectrum of imaging findings in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome affecting lower limbs: a report of three cases

Abstract

Background: We present a series of three cases of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) presenting with unilateral lower limb involvement demonstrating a wide range of radiological findings. Case presentation: Case 1: A 61-year-old male presented with varicosities in the right lower limb, which was atrophic with a complete absence of deep venous system in the right limb. Case 2: A 23-year-old woman presented with hypertrophied left lower limb with multiple varicosities showing unusual distribution and intraosseous extension into the distal femur, patella, and tibia. Case 3: A 14-year-old male presented with hypertrophy of the right lower limb overlying macular cutaneous lesions. Capillary malformation was seen underneath the cutaneous lesion and multiple subcutaneous and intramuscular venous malformations were seen. Also noted was persistent embryological vein, i.e., lateral marginal vein of Servelle. Conclusion: The three cases in our series demonstrate common and unusual findings of KTS and highlight the role of CT and MR venography in addition to color Doppler sonography to identify the complete extent of the involvement.