Endovaginal ultrasonography: Methodology and normal pelvic floor anatomy

Abstract

High-resolution three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasonography (EVUS) provides a detailed evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles and the levator ani complex, the lower urinary tract, and the anorectal region in planes that cannot be determined by conventional two-dimensional EVUS. Multiplanar reconstruction and rendering techniques allow the investigator to correctly recognize and measure specific anatomic elements of the pelvic floor and to understand their true spatial relationships (anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments). This modality is relatively easy to perform and is time efficient, correlates well with other imaging modalities, and delivers relevant information in patients with pelvic floor disorders. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Milan.