Implications of epigenetics in developmental care of preterm infants in the NICU: Preterm behavioral epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction: Epigenetics is an emerging field of research at the interface between biological and environmental sciences, and it is suggesting that early adversities might be embedded into infants’ developing biology through DNA functional processes (e.g., DNA methylation). Recent studies revealed an association between pain-related stress and epigenetic variations which can affect stress reactivity during early infancy. On the other hand, behavioral epigenetic studies on human subjects are suggesting that DNA methylation might be modified “for good” through caring interventions and protective environments. Main aim of the chapter: This chapter will review the theoretical rationale and emerging findings related to the application of epigenetics to the field of prematurity (Preterm Behavioral Epigenetics, PBE). Conclusions: The PBE research field holds promises to highlight the biological underpinnings of both NICU-related stressful and protective care in preterm infants.