General Principles of Bacteria Electrotransformation: Key Steps

Abstract

Transfer of foreign information in the genome of cells is a key problem in cell biology and biotechnology. Bioelectrochemistry provided a major innovation when in 1982 Neumann introduced the electrotransformation method (Neumann, et al., 1982). The methodology is simple: 1. cells and plasmids are mixed 2. an electric field of high intensity is applied 3. the mixture is incubated to get the expression 4. a selection assay gives the transformants.