PDCD5 inhibits progression of renal cell carcinoma by promoting T cell immunity: with the involvement of the HDAC3/microRNA-195-5p/SGK1

Abstract

Background: Epigenetics exerts a vital role in the onset and development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Mounting evidence has shed light on the significance of human immune system in response to tumor infiltrating T cells. Hereby, we sought to unmask the immunomodulatory role of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and its potential upstream molecule, programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in RCC. Methods: RCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were clinically resected from 58 patients, in which the expression profile of microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p), PDCD5, HDAC3, and serum glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Their relations were investigated by a series of luciferase assays in combination with ChIP and co-IP. RCC cells (A498) were intervened using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, followed by cell proliferation evaluation. After co-culture with CD3+ T cells, flow cytometry and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) determination were performed. A xenograft tumor mouse model was developed for in vivo validation. Results: PDCD5 was downregulated in RCC tissues and A498 cells. Upregulation of HDAC3, as well as of SGK1, resulted in suppression of A498 cell proliferation and promotion of T cell activation as evidenced by higher IFN-γ expression. Re-expression of PDCD5 downregulated HDAC3, causing a subsequent upregulation of miR-195-5p, while miR-195-5p could inversely modulate its target gene, SGK1. The regulatory mechanism appeared to be functional in vivo. Conclusion: Our results highlight the possible manipulation by PDCD5 on RCC cell proliferation and T cell activation, which provides new clues to better understand the immune balance in RCC progression.