The Future of Wireless Underground Sensing Networks Considering Physical Layer Aspects

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks offer many advantages in different applica- tion areas with its ease of deployment, low-cost, low-power capabilities. With the increased interest to the wireless sensor networks, the research community have started to carry out network simulations to better analyze the network’s behavior and performance since they provide significant reduction in cost and simulate the differ- ent types of sceneries in tolerable time intervals. This chapter introduces the network simulators, i.e., NS-2, OMNET++, J-Sim, OPNET and TOSSIM, respectively with some of the major network programming languages, e.g., nesC and Mate