Phytoremediation efficiency of water hyacinth for batik textile effluent treatment

Abstract

The present study focused on the phytoremediation efficiency of water hyacinth for the batik effluent treatment. Three operating factors were investigated such as retention times (0 to 28 days), batik effluent strength (20, 30 and 60%), and number of water hyacinth clumps (8, 10 and 12 clumps). The water hyacinth efficiencies was monitored through the measurement of dry weight, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and pH. The highest efficiency of color and COD in the batik effluent treatment were achieved at day 7 with 83% (61 mg/L) and 89% (147 ADMI) removals, respectively. Both wastewater parameters were removed to below the Standard A for COD and Standard B for color. Meanwhile for TSS, the removal decreased as the batik effluent strength increased, where the highest removal (92%) was achieved at day 28 with 8 number of plant clumps. The pH was observed in range of 6 to 7. The results indicated that water hyacinth would be the best option for the low cost batik effluent treatment.