Skrining Senyawa Sitotoksik dari Ekstrak Daun, Bunga, Buah, Batang dan Akar pada Tumbuhan Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum.L) Terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay

Abstract

Research has been done on cytotoxic compound screening extract of leaf, flower, fruit, stem and roots in Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum.L) against larvae of Artemia Salina Leach) by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay Method. Phytochemical preliminary test showed that Senduduk leaf contained flavonoids, tannins and saponins, flower contained flavonoids, fruit contained flavonoids and saponins, stem and root contained steroidal compounds and terpenoids. Of the 200 grams of leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and roots of plants we obtained fresh senduduk condensed ethanol extract respectively 17.62 grams (8.81% w/w); 13.69 grams (6.845% w/w); 13.66 grams (6.83% w/w); 8.11 grams (4.05% w/w) and 7.27 grams (3.63% w/w). From the cytotoxic test conducted on five samples, it seems that greatest toxicity was showed by fruit extract with a value of LC50 was 89.947 ppm. The content of the chemical that is thought to have antioxidant activity in fruit extracts are flavonoids, which in phytochemical test showed a red color in Sianidin Test.