Environmental Problems: Soil and Underground Watertreatment and Bioremediation

Abstract

Bioremediation is environmental restoration technology using natural biological activities by organisms. When the contamination is not so severe and moderate, and when the time needed for the restoration can be taken and not rushed, then this method would be very appropriate. Usually, bioremediation is an environmentally friendly process. In addition, biofilm contains a lot of bacteria so the stability from various viewpoints is much higher than just the planktonic state. Therefore, biofilm will be used for bioremediation often in the future. Bioremediation by biofilm is divided into two types—in situ biofilm remediation and ex situ biofilm remediation. At any rate, biofilm remediation can achieve much higher efficiency as well as stability against toxicity, shear stress, ultraviolet rays, etc. Biofilm remediation is an advanced technology that should be investigated still further to be utilized for practical applications. When the structure, components, and characteristics of biofilm are clarified more, then applications for it will be established more firmly.