Silver-albumin tissue staining protocol to visualize odontogenesis in whole embryos

Abstract

Visualizing tooth organs from their earliest inception as they actually appear in three dimensions has, until recently, been difficult due to the technical obstacle of imaging these tiny, translucent, low-density embryonic craniodental tissues. Related to this obstacle, quantifying craniodental morphology has been confounded by the time consuming need to physically section and then digitally photograph and reconstruct these images of tissues into 3D volumes. Here we provide a simple solution in the form of an overnight silver albumin tissue stain for whole embryos. Because it is differentially absorbed by embryonic tissues, this stain generates the contrast needed to detect and visualize unmineralized dental tissues. Stained specimens can be scanned using either desktop or synchrotron micro-computed tomography systems, generating digital 3D datasets of whole embryos that can immediately be used to assess dental morphology and histology. Craniodental structures can then be measured with high precision and accuracy using 3D image analysis software.