Rat embryonic cortical neural stem cells: Role of hypoxia on cell proliferation and differentiation

Abstract

There is no effective therapy currently available to recover brain structure and function following ischemic stroke. Neural stem cells/neural progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) are capable to self-renew and differentiate into neurons. Brain hypoxia/ischemia stimulates the proliferation of NSCs/NPCs in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of adult brain. Endogenous mobilization and exogenous transplantation of NSCs facilitate the recovery of stroke by replacing lost neurons and produce various neurotrophic factors that minimize damage and promote recovery. Many factors including neurotransmitters and their receptors affect adult neurogenesis following stroke. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of those factors will lead to viable treatment options for ischemic brain injury.