Localized periodontitis and kidney function for the risk of proteinuria in young adults in the CHIEF oral health study

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association of localized periodontitis with proteinuria in 1281 military young adults in Taiwan. Localized periodontitis was classified as Healthy/Stage I (N = 928) or Stage II/III (N = 353). Stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2. Proteinuria was defined as protein levels of 2+ or 3+ on the dipstick test. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, remaining teeth number and other potential covariates were used to determine the association between localized Stage II/III periodontitis and dipstick proteinuria in patients with and without CKD. Localized stage II/III periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of dipstick proteinuria [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 1.89 (1.04–3.42)], but not with stage 2 CKD. However, the association between localized stage II/III periodontitis and dipstick proteinuria was observed only in patients with stage 2 CKD [OR: 3.80 (1.56–9.27)], while the association was null in participants without stage 2 CKD [OR: 1.02 (0.42–2.45)]. Our findings suggest that among young adults, especially those with a mildly impaired eGFR, localized periodontitis might contribute to acute or chronic kidney injury, which manifests as proteinuria.