Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia atroviridis Leaf Grown in Indonesia

Abstract

The current investigation examined the potential antibacterial and antihyperlipidemic properties of ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Garcinia atroviridis (EGA). The phytochemical contents of EGA were analysed through Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GCMS). The antioxidant properties of EGA were carried using DPPH, reducing power, and radical OH scavenging methods, whereas antibacterial activity of EGA was conducted against 4 pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion method. To test antihyperlipidemic action, High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidaemic rats were given EGA at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg orally for five weeks. Body weight changes, liver weight, serum lipid profile, and liver histology were assessed. The EGA contains phenols and flavonoids by 23.53±0.27 mg GAE/g and 20.48±0.39 mg QE/g, respectively. Around 15 compounds were identified where hexanoic acid (30.55%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (27.51%), and octadecanoic acid (15.49%) were compounds with the largest number. The EGA has antioxidant activity significantly different with ascorbic acid increasing %DPPH scavenging, %OH scavenging, and reducing power scavenging. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained at a concentration 10% with a clear zone diameter, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained at different concentrations. This investigation was founded that EGA decreased biochemicals levels and causes liver tissue changes. Our studies demonstrate the EGA is antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihyperlipidemic.