Constructing Physical Input-Output Tables with Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Data: Bottom-Up Case Studies

Abstract

In an economic system that aims at sustainable development, material indicators become increasingly more important than monetary indicators, as much of the literature now testifies (Ayres and Ayres 1998). Monetary indicators are often not able to reveal all the implications and interactions between the biosphere and technosphere (Nebbia 2000; De Marco et al. 2001).