Prevención de la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B mediante una vacuna de cuatro componentes

Abstract

Introduction: meningococcal disease is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, and those of serogroup B are currently the most predominant. It has been difficult to create effective vaccines for this serogroup in order to modify or reduce its morbidity. The aim of this study was to review existing data on the new vaccine 4 CMenB and its potential contribution to the prevention of this infection. Methods: a panel of 12 experts (from Pediatrics, Public Health and Vaccinology background) conducted a literature search and prioritized 74 publications. A review of the vaccine was then prepared, it was discussed in a meeting and subsequently validated by e-mail. Results: 4 CMenB vaccine, based on four components (NadA, fHbp, NHBA and OMVnz), was designed by reverse Vaccinology. The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System shows a potential of 70-80% coverage of the strains in Europe. Clinical trials show that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic in infants, children, adolescents, and adults, and induces an anamnestic response. The incidence of fever is similar to systemic vaccines administered alone, but higher when coadministered with them, although the fever pattern is predictable and self-limited. It is compatible with the Spanish routine vaccines, and can be administered simultaneously with the currently available hexavalent and pentavalent vaccines, as well as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Conclusions: The 4 CMenB vaccine is the only currently available strategy to prevent meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B.