Breast cancer in Maori and non-Maori women

Abstract

Background. Breast cancer is more common in Maori than in non-Maori women under the age of 40 years and is equally common in older women, despite Maori being generally of lower socioeconomic status and having had a higher fertility rate than non-Maori. Methods. Data from a nationwide population-based case-control study of breast cancer in New Zealand women aged 25-54 years were used to compare the age-adjusted distribution of reproductive and other risk factors for breast cancer in self-identified Maori and non-Maori women from the control group. Separate analyses also were carried out for women aged 25-39 years and for those aged 40-54 years. The risk of breast cancer according to the proportion of Maori ancestry was estimated using multiple logistic regression simultaneously adjusting for several risk factors. Results. Significant differences were found between self-identified Maori and non-Maori women in the age-adjusted frequencies for education level, socioeconomic status, age at first full-term pregnancy, parity, and duration of breastfeeding; the profile in all instances suggesting a lower risk of breast cancer for Maori than for non-Maori. There were no significant differences with respect to age at menarche, surgery for benign breast disease or a family history of breast cancer. Significantly more Maori than non-Maori were in the highest quartile of recent body mass index. Women self-identified as Maori has an approximately twofold higher risk of breast cancer than non-Maori women. Conclusions. Maori have high rates of breast cancer despite having a more favourable profile than non-Maori for most identified risk factors.